Abstract:

Introduction: intramural hematoma of the aortic wall is a component of acute aortic syndrome, and is also considered a precursor of aortic dissection. Due to peculiarities of the natural course, there are significant disagreements in choosing the optimal strategy for the treatment of intramural hematoma.

Aim: was to evaluate the possibility of a differential tactical approach to the treatment of acute intramural aortic hematoma in various situations.

Material and methods: two clinical cases demonstrate different approaches to the treatment of intramural aortic hematoma.

Results: in given clinical examples, a conservative tactics of managing patients with intramural hematoma of the aorta "watch and wait" was applied. However, in the first case, an emergency surgical intervention was required, due to the complicated course of the disease, according to dynamic studies. The second case demonstrated the acceptability of a conservative approach with long-term monitoring of the condition of the aortic wall.

Conclusions: the balance between risks of surgery and the safety of conservative therapy is the cornerstone in deciding on the optimal tactics for treating this pathology.

Abstract:

Introduction: surgical treatment of an area of accumulation of breast microcalcifications requires the surgeon to choose the optimal method of surgery. For a long time, the gold standard of surgery was the placement of a wire needle under X-ray control and subsequent removal. In our study, we want to demonstrate one of new methods, which is based on the placement of ultrasound marks in the area of accumulation of calcifications at the preoperative stage and further removal under the control of ultrasound device.

Aim: was to make comparative analysis and estimate the effectiveness of preoperative marking with ultrasound-positive (US-positive) marks in patients with non-palpable breast neoplasms.

Material and methods: the study included 165 patients (age 32 - 71 years). Patients were divided into three groups depending on the preoperative marking. The first group: installed ultrasound-positive Gel Mark UltraCor Bard marks in the region of microcalcifications at the outpatient stage.

The second group: marking with a wire needle «DuaLok» Bard immediately before the operation.

The third group: according to results of a repeated preoperative examination, which included: unilateral mammography in two projections with marker, a skin mark was established in the projection of a non-palpable formation.

Results: study showed that when choosing a surgical treatment using ultrasound-positive marks, the risk of detecting tumor cells at edges of the resection decreases, the time of surgery is shortened, and the volume of resection of healthy breast tissue is minimized.

Study proved that marking using ultrasound-positive marks has an advantage over other methods of preoperative marking and can be implemented in medical organizations that are not equipped with x-ray equipment for marking non-palpable breast formations immediately before surgery.

References

1.     Kaprin AD, Starinsky VV, Petrova GV. The status of cancer care for the population of Russia in 2018. MNII P.A. Herzen - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Center for Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 2019: 236 [In Russ].

2.     World Health Organization. World health statistics 2019.

https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2019/EN_WHS_2019_Main.pdf?ua=1

3.     Kaprin AD, Starinsky VV, Petrova GV. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2018 (morbidity and mortality). - M.: MNII them. P.A. Herzen - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Center for Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 2019; 250 [In Russ].

4.     Manuylova OO, Pavlova TV, Didenko VV, et al. Guidelines for the use of the BI-RADS system for mammography examination. Moscow. 2017; 23 [In Russ].

5.     American College of Radiology, ACR BI-RADS Atlas 5th Edition, 2013.

6.     Bonfiglio R, Scimeca M, Urbano N, et al. Breast microcalcifications: biological and diagnostic perspectives. Future Oncol. 2018; 14(30): 3097-3099.

7.     Tardioli S, Ballesio L, Gigli S, et al. Wire-guided Localization in Non-palpable Breast Cancer: Results from Monocentric Experience. Anticancer Res. 2016; 36(5): 2423-2427.

Abstract:

Currently, the results of diagnostics and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) are still not satisfactory. With the advent of modern catheters and angiographic devices, regional intra-arterial chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer has become more often used in clinical practice.

Aim: was to improve results of treatment of patients with gastric cancer using regional intra-arterial chemotherapy (RIACT).

Material and methods: the immediate and long-term results of complex treatment of 110 patients with stomach cancer for the period 2005-2020 were analyzed. The average age of patients was 59,2 + 4,3 years. The prevalence of the tumor process according to the TNM classification was as follows: T3N0M0 - 37(33,63%) patients, T3N1M0 - 41 (37,27%) patients, and T3N2M0 - 32 (29,1%) patients. Histologically, all patients showed various forms of adenocarcinoma. At the first stage, all patients underwent neoadjuvant RIACT according to the DPF scheme (Docetaxel 75mg/m² + Cisplatin 75mg/m² + Fluorouracil 1000mg/m² on the 1st day) for 2 courses with an interval of 28 days, then surgery.

Results: the immediate results of RIACT showed the effectiveness of treatment after 2 courses of neoadjuvant intra-arterial regional chemotherapy in 93 (84,5%) patients, partial regression was noted, in 17(15,5%) patients, stabilization of the process was noted. These patients underwent a radical operation with the second stage of complex treatment - extended gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. The drug pathomorphosis of the 1-2 degree was noted in 34 (30,9%) patients, the third degree was noted in 38 (34,5%), the pathomorphosis of the fourth degree in 9 (8,1%) patients. With dynamic follow-up of patients 9(8,1%) patients lived 6 months, 63 (57,2%) patients lived 12 months, 59 (53,3%) patients lived 18 months, 57(51,8%) patients lived 24 months, 47 (42,7%) patients lived 36 months, 41 (37,2%) patients lived 48 months and 35 (31,8%) patients 60 lived months and still are alive. The median survival rate was 51,8 + 1,5 months.

Conclusions: results of neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer patients proved to be effective in 84,5% of patients. In 42,6% of patients, grade 3-4 therapeutic pathomorphosis was noted. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 42,7% and 31,8%, respectively. The median survival rate was 51,8 + 1,5 months.

Preoperative intra-arterial chemotherapy may be the method of choice for improving the survival and quality of life of patients with gastric cancer.

References

1.     Kaidarova DR. Indicators of the Oncological Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2019 (statistical and analytical materials). Almaty. - 2020. -137 [In Russ].

2.     Kaprin AD, Starinskiy VV, Petrova GV. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2016 (morbidity and mortality). - M.: FGBU «MNIOI after named P.A. Herzen» of the Ministry of Health of Russia. - 2018. - 250 [In Russ].

3.     https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/7-Stomach-fact-sheet.pdf

4.     Abdollah MH, Farhad TB, Reza M. Lack of Any Relationship of Stomach Cancer Incidence and Mortality with Development in Asia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2016, 17(8): 3775-3781.

https://doi.org/10.14456/apjcp.2016.169

5.     Smyth EC, Nilsson M, Grabsch HI, et al. Gastric cancer. Lancet. 2020; 396(10251): 635-648.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31288-5

6.     Zyryanov BN, Makarkin NA, Tikhonov VI, Tuzikov SA. Combined treatment with intra-arterial regional chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer. Russian Journal of Oncology. 1997; 1: 17-20 [In Russ].

7.     Barone C, Cassano A, Pozzo C, et al. Long-term follow-up of a pilot phase II study with neoadjuvant epidoxorubicin, etoposide and cisplatin in gastric cancer. Oncology. 2004; 67(1): 48-53.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000080285

8.     Wang J, Shi H, Yang G, et al. Combined intra-arterial and intravenous chemotherapy for unresectable, advanced gastric cancer has an improved curative effect compared with intravenous chemotherapy only. Oncology Letters. 2018; 15(4).

https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8068

9.     Song Z, Wu Y, Yang J, et al. Progress in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Tumour Biol. 2017; 39(7): 1010428317714626.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1010428317714626

10.   Choi AH, Kim J, Chao J. Perioperative chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer: MAGIC and beyond. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21(24): 7343-8.

https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7343

11.   Johnston FM, Beckman M. Updates on Management of Gastric Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2019;21(8): 67.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-019-0820-4

12.   Ikegame K, Terashima M. Perioperative Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer. Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. 2020; 47(4): 569-573.

Abstract:

Aim: was to estimate long-term results of vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI).

Material and methods: study included 194 patients with VBI caused by lesion of V1 segment of VA. All patients received the best course of drug therapy before admission to the clinic. In all these patients, atherosclerotic stenosis of 70% or more of VA was revealed in V1 sergment. All patients underwent surgical correction of V1 segment of VA. Open surgery was performed in «A» group – with a tortuosity of VA – 129(66,5%), in group «B» – without tortuosity of a VA – 65(33,5%) performed stenting of V1 segment of PA.

Bare-metal stents were implanted in 44 patients, drug-eluted stents - 14, renal stents – 7. Distal protection was used in 14 patients. In remaining patients, stenting was performed without embolic protection devices.

Main criteria for evaluating of results were: patency of the reconstruction zone and clinical improvement in the patient after surgery. Statistical processing of results was carried out by calculating ?2, the exact Fisher test (EFT) and constructing of Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

Results: it was determined that in «hopeless» patients, from the point of view of drug treatment, it is possible to achieve a significant clinical effect by surgical methods. Of 194 patients, clinical improvement in the early postoperative period was achieved in 189(97,4%) patients, after 1 year in 177 (91,2%) patients, and after 3 years in 156(80.2%) patients.

In case of stenting of V1 segment of VA – we received excellent immediate results – 100% of technical and clinical success. However, in the long term, results of open operations were better than results of stenting. 3 years after operation, a higher clinical efficacy of open methods was determined – 79,8%, in contrast to stenting – 73,8%. Although, differences were not statistically significant (p> 0,05). 3 years after operation, in case of open operations, a significantly smaller number of restenosis of the reconstruction zone was 1.6%, than with stenting – 15,4% (p <0.05). However, in patients with open operations, more thrombosis of the reconstruction zone were revealed – 5,5% than in patients with stenting – 1.5% (p>0,05). When performing open operations on V1 segment of VA, strokes were fewer – 2.3%, than in group of V1 stenting segment of VA – 3.1% (p> 0.05). When comparing Kaplan-Meyer curves, the median during open surgeries on VA is not achieved after 18 years, and in group of stenting of VA, it occurs after 7 years.

Conclusion: stenting of V1 segment of vertebral arteries in patients with VBI is not the operation of choice in terms of long-term results. However, this operation can be considered as the first stage of brain revascularization in the presence of significant stenosis of V1 segment of vertebral artery and low brain tolerance to ischemia in patients with multiple lesions of brachiocephalic arteries.

References

1.     Savitz SI, Caplan LR: Vertebrobasilar disease. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352:2618-2626.

2.     Caplan LR, Wityk RJ, Glass TA, Tapia J, Pazdera L, Chang HM, Teal P, Dashe JF, Chaves CJ, Breen JC, Vemmos K, Amarenco P, Tettenborn B, Leary M, Estol C, Dewitt LD, Pessin MS: New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation registry. Ann Neurol. 2004; 56:389-398.

3.     Vereschagin NV. Pathology of vertebrobasilar system and cerebrovascular accidents. M. 1980; 312. [In Russ].

4.     Puzin MN, Zinoveva GA, МеtelkinaLP. Aspects of medical treatment of patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapia, 2006; 2: 23-26. [In Russ].

5.     Berguer R, Morasch M, Kline R. A review of 100 consecutive reconstructions of the distal vertebral artery for embolic and hemodynamic disease. J Vasc Surg. 1998; 27 (5): 852-859.

6.     Pokrovskii AV, Belojarcev DF. Long-term results of operations subclavian-carotid transposition. Angiologiya i sosudistaya khirurgiya 2002; 8 (2): 84 - 91. [In Russ].

7.     He Y, Bai W, Li T et al. Perioperative complications of recanalization and stenting for symptomatic nonacute vertebrobasilar arteryocclusion. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014 Feb; 28 (2):386-393.

8.     2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries Endorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J. 2018 Mar 1; 39(9): 763-816.

9.     National guidelines on the management of patients with brachiocephalic artery disease. Angiologiya i sosudistaya khirurgiya. 2013; 19 (2), appendix: 70 [In Russ].

10.   Schonewille WJ, Algra A, Serena J, Molina CA, Kappelle LJ. Outcome in patients with basilar artery occlusiontreated conventionally. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005; 76:1238-1241.

11.   Coward LJ, McCabe DJ, Ederle J, Featherstone RL, Clifton A, Brown MM: Long-term outcome after angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis compared with medical treatment in the Carotid And Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): a randomized trial. Stroke. 2007; 38:1526-1530.

12.   Compter A, van der Worp HB, Schonewille WJ, Vos JA, Algra A, Lo TH, Mali WPThM, Moll FL and Kappelle LJ. VAST: Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial. Protocol for a randomized safety and feasibility trial. Trials 2008; 9: 65.

13.   Clifton A, Markus H, Kuker W, Rothwell P.E-050. The Rationale for the Vertebral artery Ischaemia Stenting trial (VIST): NeuroIntervent Surg 2013; 5. Suppl 2 A56.

14.   Compter A et al. VAST investigators. Stenting versus medical treatment in patients with symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: a randomised open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2015 Jun; 14(6): 606-614.

15.   VIST (Vertebral artery Ischaemia Stenting Trial) ISRCT N 95212240.

16.   Markus HS, Harshfield EL, Compter A. et al. Stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: a preplanned pooled individual patient data analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jul; 18(7): 666-673.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30149-8

17.   Markus HS, Larsson SC, Dennis J et al. Vertebral artery stenting to prevent recurrent stroke in symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: the VIST RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2019 Aug; 23(41): 1-30.

Abstract:

Case report of two-staged treatment of hard palate hemangioendoteliom when at 1st stage has been executed bilateral selective endovascular emblization of maxillar final branches arteries by PVA spheres, and on 2nd tumor has been cut.

In the foreign literature till now it is described only about 30 cases of such tumor hard palate lesion. The combination of endovasculat embolization and traditional surgery methods leads to good esthetic and functional results of treatment with minimum surgical risk.  

References 

1.    Gordуn-Núñcez M.A. et al. Intraoral epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. А case report and review of the literature. Med. Oral. Patol.Oral. Cir. Bucal. 2010; 15 (2): 340–346.

2.    Chatelain B. et al. Maxillary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Сase report and review of the literature. Rev. Stomatol. Chir. 2009; 110 (1): 45–49.

3.    Mohtasham N. et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity. А case report. J. Oral. 2008; 50 (2): 219–223.

4.    Chi A.C. et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Med. Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radiol. End. 2005; 100 (6): 717–724.

5.    Flaitz C.M. et al. Primary intraoral epithelioid hemangioendothelioma presenting in childhood: review of the literature and case report. Ultrastruct. Pathol. 1995; 19 (4): 275–279.

6.    Sun Z.J. et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity. Oral Dis. 2007; 13 (2):244–250.

Abstract:

Aim: was to estimate the importance of restoring blood flow in vertebral arteries in the segment V1 by stenting in patients with multivessel lesions of extracranial arteries and vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI).

Material and methods: study include 59 patients with a dominant, long-existing clinic of vertebrobasilar insufficiency, with multivessel lesions of brachiocephalic arteries, lower brain tolerance to ischemia, with the presence of stenosis of segment V1 of vertebral artery more than 70%, which is regarded by neurologists, as the main reason for VBI. All patients should have been undergone carotid revascularization. However, due to multivessel lesions and low perfusion reserve, all patients as the first stage of treatment - underwent stenting of V1 segment of vertebral artery. In 38 patients bare-metal stent were used, in 14 - drug-eluting stents, in 7 - renal stents. Distal protection was used in 12 patients. In remaining patients - stenting was performed without protection.

Results: in immediate postoperative period, technical, angiographic success and clinical improvement were noticed in 100% of patients. All 59 patients underwent the second and subsequent stages of cerebral revascularization without ischemic episodes. The duration of follow-up was from 6 months to 6 years. After 3 months, 55(93,2%) patients sustained clinical improvement, with no restenosis in stents. 4 patients (6,8%) had no clinical improvement: in one patient after 3 months developed ischemic stroke (IS) in vertebrobasilar system(VBS), due to the occlusion of the stent. 1 patients had stent restenosis with the increase of clinical manifestations of VBI, which required additional stenting. After 14 months, 1 patient after stenting had IS in VBS due to stent fractures caused by bone compression.

Conclusion: stenting of V1 segment of vertebral artery in patients with multivessel lesions of brachiocephalic arteries and clinic of VBI, can be considered as the first stage of cerebral revascularization in case of significant stenosis segment V1 vertebral artery and low tolerance to cerebral ischemia.

References

1.     Savitz S.I., Caplan L.R. Vertebrobasilar disease. N Engl J Med. 2005, 352: 2618-2626.

2.     Caplan L.R., Wityk R.J., Glass T.A., Tapia J., Pazdera L., Chang H.M., Teal P, Dashe J.F., Chaves C.J., Breen J.C., Vemmos K., Amarenco P, Tettenborn B., Leary M., Estol C., Dewitt L.D., Pessin M.S. New England Medical

Center Posterior Circulation registry. Ann Neurol. 2004, 56: 389-398.

3.     Vereshhagin N.V. Patologija vertebral'no-baziljarnoj sistemy i narushenija mozgovogo krovoobrashhenija[Pathology of vertebrobasilar system and cerebral blood flow disorders]. M. 1980; S 28 [In Russ].

4.     Puzin M.N., Zinov'eva G.A., Metelkina L.P. Aspekty medikamentoznogo lechenija bol'nyh s vertebral'no-baziljarnoj nedostatochnost'ju [Aspects of pharmacotherapy in treatment of patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency]. Klinicheskaja farmakologija i terapija. 2006; 2: 23-26 [In Russ].

5.     Berguer R., Morasch M., Kline R. A review of 100 consecutive reconstructions of the distal vertebraf artery for embolic and hemodynamic disease. J Vasc Surg. 1998, 27 (5): 852-859.

6.     Pokrovskiy A.V., Beloyartsev D.F., Otdalemmie rezultati operatsiy podkluchichno-sonnoi transpozitsii. [Longterm results of operations of the subclavian-carotid transposition.] Angiologia I sosudistaya khirurgia. 2002; 8(2): 84-91.

7.     He Y, Bai W., Li T. et al. Perioperative complications of recanalization and stenting for symptomatic nonacute vertebrobasilar arteryocclusion. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014 Feb; 28 (2): 386-393.

8.     European Stroke Organisation et al. ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery diseases: Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries: the Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2011 Nov; 32 (22): 2851-906.

9.     Natsionalnie rekomendacii po vedeniyu patsientov s zabolevaniyami brakhiotsefal’nikh arteriy. [National guidelines on the management of patients with diseases of brachiocephalic arteries.] Angiologia I sosudistaya khirurgia. 2013; 19 (2): attachment 70.

10.   Schonewille W.J., Algra A., Serena J., Molina C.A., Kappelle L.J. Outcome in patients with basilar artery occlusion treated conventionally. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005, 76:1238-1241.

11.   Coward L.J., McCabe D.J., Ederle J., Featherstone R.L., Clifton A., Brown M.M. Long-term outcome after angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis compared with medical treatment in the Carotid And Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): a randomized trial. Stroke. 2007, 38: 1526-1530.

12.   Compter A., van der Worp H.B., Schonewille W.J., Vos J.A., Algra .A., Lo T.H., Mali WPThM, Moll FL. and Kappelle L.J. VAST: Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial. Protocol for a randomised safety and feasibility trial. Trials 2008, 9: 65.

13.   Clifton A., Markus H., Kuker W., Rothwell P. E-050. The Rationale for the Vertebral artery Ischaemia Stenting trial (VIST): NeuroIntervent Surg 2013; 5. Suppl 2 A56.

14.   Compter A., et al. VAST investigators. Stenting versus medical treatment in patients with symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: a randomised open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2015 Jun; 14(6): 606-614.

15.   VIST (Vertebral artery Ischaemia Stenting Trial) ISRCT N 95212240.